2nd hand smoke/e-cigs/Cannabis exposure: There is no safe level of exposure. Advise caregivers to stop smoking and/or reduce 2nd hand smoke exposure, which contributes to childhood respiratory illnesses, SIDS, and neuro- behavioural disorders. Offer smoking cessation resources. Educate parents on the health risks and harms associated with e-cigs, and on safe storage.
Sun exposure/Sunscreens: Minimize sun exposure. Wear protective clothing, hats, properly applied sunscreen with SPF ≥ 30 for those > 6 months of age.
Pesticides: Ask about pesticide use and storage at home; avoid exposure. Exposure to pesticides is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Wash all fruits and vegetables that cannot be peeled.
Food additives and child health (AAP) Pesticide Exposure in Children (AAP)
Lead: There is no safe level of lead exposure in children. Evidence suggests that low blood lead levels can have adverse health effects on a child’s cognitive function.
Blood Lead Screening is recommended for children who:
- in the last 6 months lived in a house or apartment built before 1960;
- live in a home with recent or ongoing renovations or peeling or chipped paint;
- have a sibling, housemate, or playmate with a prior history of lead poisoning;
- live near point sources of lead contamination;
- have household members with lead-related occupations or hobbies;
- are refugees aged 6 months–6 years, within 3 months of arrival and again in 3–6 months;
- have emigrated or been internationally adopted from a country where population lead levels are higher than in Canada;
- are at risk of lead exposure from water pipes.
Prevention of Childhood Lead Toxicity (AAP) Kids new to Canada (CPS) Low-level lead exposure (CPS) Reduce your exposure to lead (HC)
Insect bites/repellents: Prevent insect bites. No DEET in < 6 months; 6–24 months 10% DEET apply max once daily; 2–12 years 10% DEET apply max TID. Insect bites/repellents: (HC) (CPS Caring for Kids)
Well water: should be tested regularly for contamination.
Health Canada March 2019: Be Well Aware: Test your well water